IPO Business Overview
Excelsoft Technologies Limited IPO: Business Overview and IPORupee Insight
Excelsoft Technologies Limited is a global vertical SaaS company focused on the learning and assessment market. The company provides technology-based solutions across learning, assessments, remote proctoring, digital content, learning management, student success and education technology services.
The company has over two decades of experience and serves enterprise clients worldwide through long-term relationships. Its platforms are cloud-based and built with open, industry-standard compliant APIs, allowing scalability across organisations and users.
FY2025 Revenue
Rs. 2,332.91 Mn
Revenue from operations
FY2025 EBITDA Margin
31.40%
Strong margin profile
Q1 FY2026 Clients
101
Including unbilled clients
FY2025 Net Debt Equity
0.05
Improved balance sheet
Vertical SaaS
Learning Technology
Assessment Platform
AI Proctoring
Global Clients
Long Client Relationships
North America Exposure
Valuation Sensitive
Company Overview
Excelsoft’s core focus is the assessment market through its AI-based Assessment and Proctoring Solutions. Its solutions are used by qualification bodies, certification agencies, admission test councils, corporates, government entities, universities, schools and publishers.
IPORupee View: Excelsoft Technologies is not a normal IT services company. It is a vertical SaaS and education technology solutions company.
For retail investors, this IPO should be studied as a learning technology, assessment platform, AI proctoring, education SaaS, global client base, client concentration, margin sustainability and valuation-sensitive story.
What Does Excelsoft Technologies Do?
| Business Area |
Meaning |
| Digital assessment platforms | Technology used to conduct online exams, tests and assessments |
| AI-enabled proctoring | Online exam monitoring using artificial intelligence and remote supervision tools |
| Learning management systems | Platforms used by institutions to deliver and manage online learning |
| Learning experience platforms | Tools that improve learner engagement, content delivery and analytics |
| Digital interactive books | Technology used by publishers and institutions to deliver digital content |
| Student success solutions | Platforms for enrolment, academic planning, advising and career planning |
| Education technology services | Technology services for modernising learning and assessment platforms |
| Learning design and content solutions | Authoring, editorial, content conversion and instructional design services |
| SaaS solutions | Software delivered through cloud, subscription or platform-based models |
IPORupee View: Excelsoft is positioned in a focused education technology niche. The business is more specialised than general IT services because it works in a specific vertical: learning and assessment.
Main Product and Solution Areas
1. Assessment and Proctoring Solutions
Excelsoft’s focus is on the assessment market through AI-based Assessment and Proctoring Solutions.
| Product / Solution |
Use |
| Saras eAssessment | Online assessment platform |
| easyProctor | Remote proctoring product |
| AI-based assessment tools | Exam integrity, analytics and online testing |
| Smart analytics | Report generation and test insights |
| Question creation tools | Helps create exam questions |
| Test construction | Helps build examinations |
| Online delivery | Delivers exams online |
| Marking and reporting | Supports evaluation and reports |
Assessment Platform Watch Point
Online exams, certifications and high-stakes testing require secure, scalable and reliable systems. If Excelsoft can deliver trusted assessment platforms, it can create long-term relationships with institutions and certification bodies.
However, assessment technology has very low tolerance for failure. Downtime, wrong scoring, security breach, cheating issues or poor proctoring accuracy can damage reputation quickly.
2. Learning Systems
| Product / Platform |
Use |
| SARAS LMS | Learning Management System |
| EnablED | Learning Experience Platform |
| OpenPage | Digital interactive book system |
| LearnActiv | K-12 learning solution |
| CollegeSPARC | Student success platform |
IPORupee View: Learning platforms diversify Excelsoft beyond exams and proctoring. This is positive because customers may need both assessment and learning solutions, but the learning management market is competitive.
3. Education Technology Services
| Service Area |
Meaning |
| Platform modernisation | Improving old learning / assessment platforms |
| Scalability improvement | Helping platforms serve more users |
| Security improvement | Strengthening data and system protection |
| Performance improvement | Making platforms faster and more reliable |
| Accessibility | Making systems usable for broader learner groups |
| Product design and development | Creating new platforms and education products |
4. Learning Design and Content Solutions
| Content Service |
Meaning |
| Authoring | Creating digital learning content |
| Editorial support | Reviewing and improving content |
| Content conversion | Converting content into digital formats |
| Instructional design | Designing learning experiences |
| Learning experience design | Improving learner engagement |
| Global content standards | Ensuring content follows international standards |
Key Customers and Use Cases
| Customer / Institution Type |
Use Case |
| Qualification and certification bodies | Online certification exams |
| Awarding and credentialing bodies | Skill and qualification assessments |
| Admission test councils | Entrance and admission testing |
| Corporates | Employee training and certification |
| Government entities | Large-scale assessments |
| Universities and schools | Online learning and examinations |
| Publishers | Digital learning programs and content delivery |
Key Customer Examples Mentioned
| Customer / Institution |
Product / Use Case |
| Pearson Professional Assessments Limited | Large-scale high-stakes assessment platform |
| The Chartered Quality Institute | Online certification exams |
| Training Qualifications UK | Qualification assessments |
| AQA Education | School / assessment board use case |
| Colleges of Excellence, Saudi Arabia | Higher education assessment use case |
| Ascend Learning LLC | Learning platform / digital programs |
| Pearson Education Group | Learning platform and platform modernisation |
| Brigham Young University – Idaho | CollegeSPARC student success platform |
| Surala net Co. Ltd., Japan | Digital content objects for school education |
| Excel Public School, India | Learning platform and LearnActiv K-12 solution |
IPORupee View: The customer list shows that Excelsoft works with serious education, certification and publishing clients. This supports credibility. However, investors should not look only at customer names. They should also check revenue concentration, renewal terms, contract duration and whether revenue is repeatable.
AI, ML and LLM Capabilities
Excelsoft uses AI, ML and LLM capabilities in its products and operations. The company follows a use-case-driven approach and does not rely on a single LLM tool.
| Use Case Type |
Model / Infrastructure Approach |
| Low-volume, low-risk use cases |
Commercially hosted models such as OpenAI GPT-4.0, GPT-4.5 and Google Gemini |
| Medium to high-volume use cases where data privacy is critical |
Foundational models like GPT-4o, Claude Sonnet and Mistral deployed on secure Microsoft Azure and AWS infrastructure |
| Highest-volume and most sensitive workloads |
Open-source LLMs operated on own GPU infrastructure |
AI Reliability Watch Point
AI can help in assessment automation, remote proctoring, content generation, personalised learning, analytics, test insights and operational efficiency.
However, AI usage also creates risks such as data privacy, model accuracy, bias, hallucination, regulatory risk, cybersecurity risk, GPU infrastructure cost and dependence on third-party AI models. For an assessment company, AI reliability is especially important because wrong flags, wrong scoring or exam disruption can damage trust.
Business Model
| Business Model Factor |
Meaning |
| SaaS / platform solutions | Software platforms used by institutions and organisations |
| Product engineering | Building, configuring and improving education technology products |
| Implementation services | Helping clients deploy platforms |
| Customisation | Adapting solutions based on client requirements |
| Maintenance and support | Ongoing support after implementation |
| Content services | Content authoring, conversion and learning design |
| Long-term client relationships | Clients may continue using platforms over multiple years |
| Global delivery | Serving clients across countries from India-based technology capabilities |
IPORupee View: The business model can be attractive if clients continue renewing contracts and usage expands. However, Excelsoft’s model may not be pure self-service SaaS like some global software companies. It may include customisation, implementation, support, content services and client-specific development.
Business Process Flow and Internal Systems
Excelsoft uses multiple internal systems to manage sales, delivery, project costing, billing, HR and analytics.
| System |
Purpose |
| Zoho CRM | Lead, contact, account, customer opportunities, quotes, tenders and deal tracking |
| ES Costing and Proposal Estimate System | Proposal, cost estimate, proposal quote and project costing |
| Zoho Books | Sales order, invoice, collection, expenses and payment |
| ES Revenue Forecasting System | Estimated new business, confirmed orders, repeated business and rolling forecast |
| ES Timesheet and Project Management System | MSA, SOW, PO, project milestones, billing requests and headcount projection |
| Zoho Analytics | MIS reports and margin analysis |
| Zoho People | HRMS, timesheet, attendance and employee data |
| Zoho Payroll | Payroll processing |
| Biometric and RFID System | Gate entry and attendance support |
IPORupee View: This shows structured internal processes for revenue forecasting, project costing, project management, billing, HR and analytics. For a SaaS / technology services company, internal project control is important because profitability depends on accurate project costing, timely billing, effort tracking, margin analysis and resource allocation.
Updated Key Performance Indicators
| Key Performance Indicator |
Q1 FY2026 |
FY2025 |
FY2024 |
FY2023 |
| Revenue from operations | Rs. 557.18 mn | Rs. 2,332.91 mn | Rs. 1,982.97 mn | Rs. 1,951.04 mn |
| Gross Profit | Rs. 307.79 mn | Rs. 1,438.61 mn | Rs. 1,142.11 mn | Rs. 1,191.82 mn |
| Gross Profit Margin | 55.24% | 61.67% | 57.60% | 61.09% |
| EBITDA | Rs. 101.77 mn | Rs. 732.57 mn | Rs. 549.73 mn | Rs. 681.79 mn |
| EBITDA Margin | 18.27% | 31.40% | 27.72% | 34.94% |
| PAT | Rs. 60.09 mn | Rs. 346.91 mn | Rs. 127.53 mn | Rs. 224.14 mn |
| PAT Margin | 10.78% | 14.87% | 6.43% | 11.49% |
| Net Worth | Rs. 3,759.49 mn | Rs. 3,712.90 mn | Rs. 2,973.03 mn | Rs. 2,780.77 mn |
| Net Debt | Rs. 312.04 mn | Rs. 181.79 mn | Rs. 719.18 mn | Rs. 1,015.08 mn |
| Net Debt Equity Ratio | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.37 |
| ROCE | 2.10% | 16.11% | 7.59% | 11.03% |
| ROE | 1.61% | 10.38% | 4.43% | 8.41% |
IPORupee Financial Insight: Revenue from operations increased from Rs. 1,951.04 million in FY2023 to Rs. 2,332.91 million in FY2025. This shows steady growth, but not explosive growth.
The stronger point is profitability recovery. PAT increased from Rs. 127.53 million in FY2024 to Rs. 346.91 million in FY2025. PAT margin improved from 6.43% in FY2024 to 14.87% in FY2025.
EBITDA margin was strong at 31.40% in FY2025, but in Q1 FY2026 it reduced to 18.27%. This should be watched carefully because one quarter may not show full-year performance, but margin decline is still important.
Net debt reduced sharply from Rs. 1,015.08 million in FY2023 to Rs. 181.79 million in FY2025, which is positive. Net debt equity ratio improved from 0.37 in FY2023 to 0.05 in FY2025.
Operating Parameters
| Operating Parameter |
Q1 FY2026 |
FY2025 |
FY2024 |
FY2023 |
| Number of clients | 101 | 99 | 93 | 93 |
| Number of new client additions every year | 6 | 17 | 15 | 10 |
| Average vintage of top 10 clients | 10.50 years | 10.80 years | 9.50 years | 8.00 years |
| Number of employees | 1,118 | 1,116 | 1,080 | 1,046 |
IPORupee View: Client count increased from 93 in FY2023 to 99 in FY2025 and 101 in Q1 FY2026. New client additions were 17 in FY2025, 15 in FY2024, and 6 in Q1 FY2026.
The strongest point is the average vintage of top 10 clients, which increased from 8.00 years in FY2023 to 10.80 years in FY2025. This shows long-term relationships with key customers.
Period of Client Relationship
| Period of Client Relationship |
Q1 FY2026 |
FY2025 |
FY2024 |
FY2023 |
| More than 10 years | 24 | 21 | 19 | 16 |
| More than 5 years, but less than 10 years | 40 | 40 | 32 | 32 |
| More than 3 years, but less than 5 years | 15 | 11 | 20 | 25 |
| More than 1 year, but less than 3 years | 16 | 10 | 7 | 10 |
| Less than 1 year | 6 | 17 | 15 | 10 |
| Total | 101 | 99 | 93 | 93 |
IPORupee View: In Q1 FY2026, Excelsoft had 24 clients with more than 10 years relationship and 40 clients with 5 to 10 years relationship. Total 64 clients had more than five years of relationship.
This shows that many customers continue working with Excelsoft for long periods. However, this should be read together with client concentration risk.
Geography-wise Revenue Mix
Excelsoft earns revenue from multiple global regions, with North America being the largest market.
| Geography |
Q1 FY2026 Revenue |
% of Revenue |
FY2025 Revenue |
% of Revenue |
FY2024 Revenue |
% of Revenue |
FY2023 Revenue |
% of Revenue |
| North America | Rs. 338.18 mn | 60.69% | Rs. 1,414.97 mn | 60.65% | Rs. 1,090.98 mn | 55.02% | Rs. 1,234.66 mn | 63.28% |
| Europe & UK | Rs. 136.69 mn | 24.53% | Rs. 517.47 mn | 22.18% | Rs. 399.11 mn | 20.13% | Rs. 312.66 mn | 16.03% |
| India | Rs. 49.19 mn | 8.83% | Rs. 190.98 mn | 8.19% | Rs. 174.13 mn | 8.78% | Rs. 144.92 mn | 7.43% |
| Asia other than India | Rs. 28.13 mn | 5.05% | Rs. 189.28 mn | 8.11% | Rs. 300.11 mn | 15.13% | Rs. 241.48 mn | 12.38% |
| Australia | Rs. 4.99 mn | 0.90% | Rs. 20.21 mn | 0.87% | Rs. 18.64 mn | 0.94% | Rs. 17.32 mn | 0.89% |
| Total | Rs. 557.18 mn | 100.00% | Rs. 2,332.91 mn | 100.00% | Rs. 1,982.97 mn | 100.00% | Rs. 1,951.04 mn | 100.00% |
Geography Concentration Watch Point
North America is the largest geography for Excelsoft. It contributed 60.65% of FY2025 revenue and 60.69% of Q1 FY2026 revenue.
Europe & UK is the second-largest geography, increasing from 16.03% in FY2023 to 22.18% in FY2025 and 24.53% in Q1 FY2026. India contributed around 8% to 9% of revenue, meaning Excelsoft is mainly an export / global client-focused company.
IPO Structure and Issue Details
| Particulars |
Details |
| IPO Opening Date | November 19, 2025 |
| IPO Closing Date | November 21, 2025 |
| IPO Size | Rs. 500 crore |
| Fresh Issue | Rs. 180 crore |
| Offer for Sale | Rs. 320 crore |
| Price Band | Rs. 114 to Rs. 120 per share |
| Face Value | Rs. 10 per share |
| Lot Size | 125 shares |
| Minimum Investment | Around Rs. 15,000 at upper band |
| Listing | BSE and NSE |
| Listing Date | November 26, 2025 |
IPORupee View: The IPO has both fresh issue and OFS components. The fresh issue portion is positive because money goes to the company. The OFS portion gives exit / liquidity to selling shareholders.
Objects of the Issue
| Object |
Meaning |
| Land purchase | Buying land for future infrastructure |
| New building construction in Mysore | Expansion of physical infrastructure |
| External electrical upgrades | Infrastructure support |
| IT upgrades | Software, hardware, networking and technology improvements |
| General corporate purposes | General business and operational needs |
IPORupee View: For a SaaS / technology company, infrastructure and IT upgrades are important. But investors should check whether the capex will directly improve revenue growth, product capability or delivery efficiency.
Major Client Concentration Risk
Even though the company has 101 clients as of Q1 FY2026, revenue concentration with major clients must be monitored carefully.
Client Concentration Watch Point
If a large part of revenue comes from a few clients, the business becomes dependent on renewal, pricing and volume from those clients.
- Client loss risk: Losing one large client can sharply reduce revenue.
- Renegotiation risk: Large client may negotiate pricing or contract terms.
- Project reduction risk: If client reduces volume, revenue can fall.
- Payment dependency: Large customer payment delays can affect cash flow.
- Valuation risk: High valuation becomes risky when revenue is concentrated.
- Growth quality risk: Revenue growth from few clients is less diversified.
Contract Renewal Risk
IPORupee View: Long relationships are positive, but the renewal quality of contracts is still important.
If customers renew regularly, revenue becomes predictable. If contracts are short-term, non-exclusive or project-based, revenue visibility becomes weaker.
Foreign Currency and Global Revenue Risk
Excelsoft earns most of its revenue from global markets, especially North America and Europe & UK.
| Factor |
Meaning |
| USD revenue share | High dollar exposure |
| Hedging policy | Whether company protects against currency movement |
| Currency volatility | Can affect reported profit |
| Client geography | Revenue depends on global customers |
| Natural hedge | India-based costs may offset some export revenue benefit |
Key Strengths
Focused Vertical SaaS Business
Excelsoft operates in a focused market: learning and assessment technology.
Strong Education Products
Products include Saras eAssessment, easyProctor, SARAS LMS, EnablED, OpenPage, LearnActiv and CollegeSPARC.
AI-enabled Proctoring
AI-based online assessment and proctoring can benefit from digital exam adoption.
Long Client Relationships
Average vintage of top 10 clients was 10.80 years in FY2025 and 10.50 years in Q1 FY2026.
Strong Relationship Profile
In Q1 FY2026, 64 clients had more than five years of relationship with the company.
Global Revenue Base
Excelsoft earns revenue from North America, Europe & UK, India, Asia other than India and Australia.
Europe & UK Growth
Europe & UK contribution increased from 16.03% in FY2023 to 24.53% in Q1 FY2026.
FY2025 Profit Recovery
PAT improved from Rs. 127.53 million in FY2024 to Rs. 346.91 million in FY2025.
Debt Reduction
Net debt reduced from Rs. 1,015.08 million in FY2023 to Rs. 181.79 million in FY2025.
Key Risks and Watch Points
- Client concentration risk: Even with 101 clients, revenue concentration with major clients must be monitored.
- North America concentration: North America contributed 60.65% of FY2025 revenue and 60.69% of Q1 FY2026 revenue.
- Q1 FY2026 margin decline: EBITDA margin declined from 31.40% in FY2025 to 18.27% in Q1 FY2026.
- Moderate revenue growth: Revenue increased from Rs. 1,951.04 million in FY2023 to Rs. 2,332.91 million in FY2025, which is steady but not very high.
- Contract renewal risk: Long client relationships are positive, but contract renewal and pricing terms remain important.
- Foreign currency risk: Large global revenue exposure can create currency volatility.
- Cybersecurity and data privacy risk: Assessment and learning platforms handle student data, exam data, content and institutional information.
- AI and LLM reliability risk: AI usage in assessment and proctoring requires accuracy, fairness, compliance and reliability.
- Platform reliability risk: Assessment platforms must work during high-stakes exams. Downtime can damage reputation.
- Competition risk: Excelsoft competes with global LMS, assessment, proctoring, edtech and software companies.
- Valuation risk: If growth remains moderate and margins decline, premium valuation can become risky.
IPORupee Overview
Excelsoft Technologies Limited is a global vertical SaaS company focused on the learning and assessment market. The company provides digital assessment platforms, AI-based proctoring, learning management systems, learning experience platforms, digital interactive book systems, student success solutions and education technology services.
Its key products include Saras eAssessment, easyProctor, SARAS LMS, EnablED, OpenPage, LearnActiv and CollegeSPARC.
The company serves qualification bodies, certification agencies, universities, schools, corporates, government entities and publishers. Its customers include Pearson Professional Assessments Limited, The Chartered Quality Institute, Training Qualifications UK, AQA Education, Colleges of Excellence, Ascend Learning LLC, Pearson Education Group, Brigham Young University – Idaho and Surala net Co. Ltd.
Financially, Excelsoft showed steady revenue growth and profit recovery. Revenue from operations increased from Rs. 1,951.04 million in FY2023 to Rs. 2,332.91 million in FY2025. PAT improved from Rs. 127.53 million in FY2024 to Rs. 346.91 million in FY2025.
EBITDA margin was strong at 31.40% in FY2025, but declined to 18.27% in Q1 FY2026, which should be watched.
The company has a global revenue base, but North America contributed around 60.65% of FY2025 revenue, showing geographic concentration. Client relationships are strong, with 64 clients having more than five years of relationship as of Q1 FY2026. However, client concentration risk remains important.
Very Detailed IPORupee Insight
1. Vertical SaaS Company
Excelsoft is focused on learning and assessment technology, not general IT services.
2. Assessment is the Core Theme
Saras eAssessment and easyProctor serve online exams, certification tests and high-stakes assessments.
3. AI Proctoring Opportunity
Remote exams need trust. AI-enabled proctoring helps maintain exam integrity.
4. Learning Products Diversify Business
SARAS LMS, EnablED, OpenPage, LearnActiv and CollegeSPARC broaden the product suite.
5. Revenue Growth is Steady
Revenue increased from Rs. 1,951.04 million in FY2023 to Rs. 2,332.91 million in FY2025.
6. FY2025 Profitability Improved
PAT improved to Rs. 346.91 million in FY2025 from Rs. 127.53 million in FY2024.
7. Q1 Margin Needs Monitoring
FY2025 EBITDA margin was 31.40%, but Q1 FY2026 EBITDA margin was 18.27%.
8. Debt Position Improved
Net debt equity ratio improved from 0.37 in FY2023 to 0.05 in FY2025.
9. Long Client Relationships
Average vintage of top 10 clients was 10.80 years in FY2025 and 10.50 years in Q1 FY2026.
10. Client Base is Expanding
Number of clients increased from 93 in FY2023 to 99 in FY2025 and 101 in Q1 FY2026.
11. More Than Five-year Relationships
In Q1 FY2026, 64 clients had more than five years of relationship.
12. North America Concentration
North America contributed 60.65% of FY2025 revenue and 60.69% of Q1 FY2026 revenue.
13. Europe & UK Growth
Europe & UK contribution increased from 16.03% in FY2023 to 24.53% in Q1 FY2026.
14. India Revenue is Small
India contributed 8.19% of FY2025 revenue, meaning the business is mainly global-client driven.
15. AI / ML / LLM Adoption
The company uses AI, ML and LLM models across different risk and data privacy levels.
16. AI Creates New Risks
AI use in exams and learning can create privacy, accuracy, fairness, compliance and reliability risks.
17. Internal Systems Show Discipline
Excelsoft uses Zoho CRM, revenue forecasting, project management, timesheet, Zoho Books, Zoho People and Zoho Analytics for business control.
18. Main Retail Investor Question
Can Excelsoft grow beyond key customers and North America, maintain margins, scale AI-based assessment products and justify valuation?
IPORupee Final View
Excelsoft Technologies Limited is a focused learning and assessment technology company with global clients, AI-enabled assessment tools, online proctoring products, learning platforms, long client relationships and good FY2025 profitability.
The positives are focused vertical SaaS positioning, strong assessment and proctoring products, AI / ML / LLM capabilities, long client relationships, global customer base, Europe & UK growth, FY2025 PAT recovery and debt reduction.
The concerns are client concentration, North America concentration, Q1 FY2026 margin decline, moderate revenue growth, contract renewal risk, foreign currency exposure, cybersecurity risk, AI reliability risk and valuation risk.
This IPO should be studied as a learning and assessment SaaS + AI proctoring + global client base + long client relationships + margin sustainability + concentration and valuation-sensitive story.
Full Forms Used
| Short Form |
Full Form |
| IPO | Initial Public Offering |
| RHP | Red Herring Prospectus |
| OFS | Offer for Sale |
| SaaS | Software as a Service |
| LMS | Learning Management System |
| LXP | Learning Experience Platform |
| API | Application Programming Interface |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| ML | Machine Learning |
| LLM | Large Language Model |
| NLP | Natural Language Processing |
| GPU | Graphics Processing Unit |
| MSA | Master Services Agreement |
| SOW | Statement of Work |
| PO | Purchase Order |
| CRM | Customer Relationship Management |
| HRMS | Human Resource Management System |
| RFID | Radio Frequency Identification |
| MIS | Management Information System |
| PAT | Profit After Tax |
| EBITDA | Earnings Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortization |
| ROE | Return on Equity |
| ROCE | Return on Capital Employed |
| P/E | Price-to-Earnings Ratio |
| USD | United States Dollar |
| BSE | Bombay Stock Exchange |
| NSE | National Stock Exchange |
Important Disclosure
This content is prepared by IPORupee for educational and informational purposes only. It is based on IPO-related disclosures and information shared for understanding the company’s business model, product portfolio, financial performance, industry position and key risks.
This is not a recommendation to apply, avoid, buy, sell or hold any IPO or security. IPORupee is not a SEBI-registered investment adviser, research analyst, broker, education technology consultant, SaaS consultant or portfolio manager.
Technology, SaaS and education platform businesses are subject to client concentration risk, renewal risk, cybersecurity risk, data privacy risk, foreign currency risk, technology obsolescence risk, AI reliability risk, platform downtime risk, competition risk, margin pressure, corporate governance risk and valuation risk. Investors should read the Red Herring Prospectus, risk factors, financial statements, objects of the issue, peer comparison, valuation details and official disclosures carefully and consult their financial advisor before making any investment decision.